Region-Wise Distribution of Hindu Sages, Saints, Scriptures, Languages and Holy Places
# | REGION | SAINTS, MUNIS, RISHIS, ACHARYAS | SCRIPTURES | LANGUAGES USED | HOLY PLACES |
1 | Kashmir (India and Pakistan) | Lalleshvari, Patanjali, Rishi Kashyapa | Lalla-Vaakyaani, scriptures of Kashmir Shaivism, Yoga Vasishtha, several Pancharatra Samhitas and Shaiva Agamas, Bhringeesha Samhita, Nilamata Purana | Sanskrit, Kashmiri | Amarnath, Sharadi (in POK), Hari Parbat (in Shrinagar), Khir Bhawani, Varahamula (Baramulla), Martand sun temple in Anantanag |
2 | Punjab (India and Pakistan) | Some Vedic Rishis, Namadev, Sikh Gurus, Swami Ramatirtha, Swami Virajananda | Some Vedic scriptures, Vishnudharma Purana, Vishnudharmottara Purana, Shivadharma Purana, Samba Purana, Guru Granth Sahib | Sanskrit, Sant Bhasha | Katasraj (Pakistan), Chintapurni, Amritsar, Multan (Pakistan), Jalandhar |
3 | North Western Frontier Province (Pakistan) | Some Vedic Rishis, Panini, Vaishampayana, Charaka | Ashtadhyayi, Ayurvedic texts like Charaka Samhita and Bhela Samhita | Sanskrit | Pushkalavati (Peshawar) |
4 | Afghanistan | Some Vedic Rishis | Vyomavati on Vaisheshika Prashastapadabhashya
Hikayat of Nand Lal Goya (Sikhism) |
Sanskrit
Persian (Hikayat only) |
Ashamai temple close to Kabul
|
5 | Jammu (India) | Some Vedic Rishis, Banda Bairagi | Vasuki Purana | Sanskrit | Vaishno Devi, Naga temple in Bhaderwah |
6 | Sindh (Pakistan) | Some Vedic Rishis, Jhulelal, Sadhna, Devachandra | Devala Smriti, Karavira Mahatmya | Sanskrit | Las Bela, Karavira (Sukkur), Indus river |
7 | Rajasthan (India) | Some Vedic Rishis, Mirabai, Dhanna, Rampir, Pipa, Dadu, Guru Jambheshwar | Sabrangi, other Bhakti works | Hindi dialects | Pushkar, Mt. Abu, Nathdwara |
8 | Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh (India) | Most Vedic Rishis, Gaudapadacharya, Surdas, Ghasidas | Most Vedic Scriptures | Sanskrit, Braj | Mathura, Vrindavana, Kurukshetra, Pehowa, Garhmukteshwar, Yamuna River, Sarasvati River, Ganga River |
9 | Gujarat (India) | Narsi Mehta, Jalaram Bapa, Prannath, Dayanand Saraswati, Mahatma Gandhi, Sant Morari Bapu | Naagara Khanda of Skanda Mahapurana | Sanskrit | Dwaraka, Somanath, Dakor, Prabhasa, Palitana, Modhera, Narmada river |
10 | Maharashtra (India) | Tukaram, Samartha Ramadasa, Jnaneshvara, Janabai, Namadev, Ekanath | Jnaneshvari, Dasabodh, Abhangs of Tukaram | Sanskrit, Maharashtri, Marathi | Nashik, Trayambakeshwar, Ramtek, Bhimashankar, Paithan, Alandi, Pandharpur, Jejuri, Godavari river |
11 | Karnataka (India) | Akka Mahadevi, Basavanna, Madhvacharya, Purandaradas, Kanakadas | Basava Purana, Vachanas, Panchadashi and other works of Vidyaranya Swami etc. | Sanskrit, Kannada | Udipi, Shringeri, Kaveri river, Shravanabelagola, Gokarna |
12 | Kerala (India) | Shankaracharya, Narayana Guru, Swami Chinmayananda, Mata Amritanandamayi (Ammachi) | Narayaneeyam | Sanskrit, English, Malayalam | Thiruvananthapuram, Guruvayoor, Sabrimala |
13 | Tamil Nadu (India) | Thiruvalluvar, Ramanujacharya, Alvars, Nayanmars, Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar, Kamban, Ramana Maharshi, Swami Shivananda, Paramacharya Chandrashekharendra Saraswati (Kanchi Shankaracharya), Sri Sri Ravishankar | Kural, Divyaprabandhams, Periya Puranam, works of Shrivaishnava saints, Advaita Vedantins etc., songs of Tyagararaja etc., Kamba Ramayana | Tamil, Sanskrit, Manipravala | Kanchi, Madurai, Rameshvaram, Tiruchi, Kanyakumari, Chidambaram, Thanjavur, Kumbhakonam, Kaveri river |
14 | Andhra Pradesh (India) | Vallabhacharya, Ramanandacharya, Potana, Bhadrachalam Ramdas | Works of Vallabhacharya, translations of Puranas into Telugu | Sanskrit, Telugu | Tirupati, Srisailam, Kalahasti, Bhadrachalam, Godavari river |
15 | Orissa (India) | Jaidev, Atibadi Jagannatha Das, Bhima Boi, Abhirama Paramahamsa | Agni Purana, Gita Govinda, Kapila Purana, portions of Brahma Purana | Sanskrit | Jagannath Puri, Ekamra |
16 | Chattisgarh (India) | Dharma Das (Kabirpanthi), Guru Ghasidas (Satnami), Sant Parshuram (Ramanami) | Guru Mahatmya of Dharma Das, writings of Ramnami, Satnami and Kabirpanthi sampradayas | Hindi | |
17 | Madhya Pradesh (India) | Govindapadacharya, Vindhyavasin (Samkhya teacher), Angad Singh, Sri Singaji, Sena | Matsya Purana, Reva Khanda and Sahyadri Khanda of Skanda Mahapurana | Sanskrit | Ujjain, Chitrakut, Omkareshwar, Amarkantak, Narmada River |
18 | W Bengal (India) | Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, Vivekanand, Krttibasa, Matsyendranatha, Sri Aurobindo | Kalki Upapurana, Devi Purana, Ramayana of Krttibasa | Sanskrit | Navadvip, Mayapur, Gangasagar, Ganga river |
19 | Bangladesh | Ma Anandamoyi, Lokenath Brahmachari, Madhusudana Saraswati, Haridas Thakur | Kriyayogasara Upapurana, Mahabhaagavata Upapurana | Sanskrit | Shrihatta (Sylhet), Tripura (Tipperah), Jessore |
20 | Assam (India) | Shankara Deva, Madhabdeva, Palakapya Muni | Kaalikaa Upapurana, works of Shankara Deva and his disciples (e.g., translation of Bhagavata Purana) | Sanskrit
Assamese |
Kamakhya |
21 | Jharkhand (India) | – | – | Baba Baidyanath temple in Deoghar, Parasnatha (Jain) | |
22 | Bihar (India) | Yajnavalkya, several Jain Tirthankaras, Buddha, Mandana Mishra, Vachaspati Mishra, scholars of Navya Nyaya school of philosophy, Vidyapati | Portions of Shatapath Brahmana and Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Garuda Purana, works of Navya Nyaya | Sanskrit | Gaya, Pavapuri (Jain) |
23 | Eastern Uttar Pradesh (India) | Ramanandacharya, Tulsidas, Kabirdas, Ravidas | Some Vedic scriptures, Ramacharitmanas, Bijak | Sanskrit, Awadhi | Varanasi, Allahabad (Prayag), Gorakhpur, Ayodhya |
24 | Nepal | Buddha, Gorakhanatha, | Vaishvanara Purana, Swayambhu Purana, Nepal Mahatmya of Skanda Purana | Sanskrit, Nepali | Pashupatinath, Lumbini (Buddhist), Shalagrama |
25 | Manipur (India) | – | Manipura Purana | Sanskrit, Meitei | |
26 | Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal (India) | Maandavya Rishi, Vasishtha Rishi, Swami Rama | Vedanta Sutras | Sanskrit | Haridwar, Badrinath, Kedarnath, Naina Devi, Jwala Devi, Gangotri, Jamnotri, Rudraprayag, Uttarkashi, Ganga river, Yamuna river, Badarika Ashrama |
27 | Java and Bali (Indonesia) | Javanese Brahmanda Purana, Ganapati Tattva, Brihaspati Tattva etc. | Sansirit and Javanese | Prambanan (Shiva Temple), Baisak in Bali | |
28 | Arunachal Pradesh (India) | – | – | – | Parashuram Tirtha |
29 | Tibet (China) | – | – | – | Manasarovar and Mt Kailash |
30 | Baluchistan (Pakistan) | – | – | – | Hinglaj Mata, Kali Mandir at Kalat |
31 | Sri Lanka | Some Nayayanars, Arumuga Navalar, Siva Yogaswami | Some Shaiva Siddhanta literature | Sanskrit, Tamil | Kataragama, Nallur Kandaswamy temple |
32 | Kampuchea | – | – | – | Angkor Wat |
33 | Mauritius | – | – | 13th Jyotirlinga | |
34 | United States of America | Paramahamsa Yogananda (migrated from India), Satguru Sivaya Subramaniaswami etc. | Works of Hindu teachers based in the United States | English | Several prominent Hindu temples in various cities |
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Vishal Agarwal is an independent scholar residing in Minneapolis (USA) with his wife, two children and a dog. He has authored one book and over fifteen book chapters and papers, some in peer reviewed journals, about ancient India and Hinduism. He and his wife founded the largest weekend school teaching Hinduism to students, and also a teenager organization to keep them engaged in Dharma. Vishal has participated in numerous interfaith forums, and has represented Hindus and Indians in school classrooms and in seminars. Vishal is the recipient of the Hindu American Foundation’s Dharma Seva Award (2010), the Global Hindu Academy’s Scholar award (2014) and service awards from the Hindu Society of Minnesota (2014 and 2015). He is very strongly engaged in the social and Dharmic activities of the Indian and Hindu communities of Minnesota, and has authored a series of ten textbooks for use in weekend Hindu schools by children from the ages 4-14. Professionally, Vishal is a biomedical Engineer with graduate degrees in Materials Engineering and Business Administration (MBA). His scientific and statistical training enables him to bring precision and a high level of rigor in his research – qualities that are very often missing in contemporary publications on Indology and in South Asian Studies.